Improvement in hydraulic engines



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l RAPHER, WASHINGTON. D

Y Be it known that I,

Bridgeport, of Fairfield county, in the State j had to the accompanyingdrawings, making a part of this specificat `usefulI improvements;in` 115 draulic engines.

ginehas been rmada.but their construction `and mode offoperation have been such as to a `which the common water-supply in cities'would `been also found to be too complex, and liable i for use a Simple, cheap,

. "and will have little or no liability of any leak-` age; and to these `ends my-invention consists an` auxiliaryl cylinder and piston valve, the

.by u the waterpower, closes the ports .own ports, as will be presently more fully de- ,scribed and my invention further consists in eiecting the rotatory motion of the valve-piston inafter more fullyexplained; and my inyen` water-passages by combining-.with a cylinder ,having simple recesses cast in its internal sur- ;consists in `so constructing and combining the main.` and auxiliary cylinders and their valve mechanism that all the working parts shall be confined within the water-tight cylinders,

PATENT FFICE.

` l ALBERT D. LAws, oF Bainenronfr, CONNECTICUT.

f IIIIIIRvEMNT IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES.

' spciecae mining para of Let-ars Patent No. 102,948, dated May 10, 1870.

Touall 'uihomiit may come, a v l.1M-.Blair D. Lliwaef of Connecticut,have invented a new and use-I ful Improvementinfllydraulic Engines; and `I do hereby ldeclare that the following is a full, `and exact description thereof, reference being `i011.; ,I My invention @relate to certain new and Previous to my.l invention this Vkind of en-` involve too` great expense to justify their adopu tion into general `use for ,many purposes for be sufficient as a motive-power; and they have u My .inventionhas for its object toprovidedurable, and' effectivel engine, which can he readily applied in all `cases where the4 usual water-supply will furnish sufficient` `motive power,and one which `shall notbe liable to get out of working order,

intheemployment, inhconnectiofn with the usual cylinder (with its ports) and piston, ofv

latter having a reciprocatory motion induced and which opens and of the main cylinder, and a rotatory motion el'ectedlby the piston of the main cylinder, and which opensand closes its by means of a suitable device acting upon the periphery of the said piston, and actuated `directlyfrom the main piston, as will behere-` tion further consists in forming the ports and face, a cylindrical u jacket, `as1 hereinafter more f ully-` described; and my invention further `will be presently described. passing through the teat portion j of the valve,

whereby I am enabled to avoid the protrusion ,of working parts and the use of stufliug-boxes,

aswill be presently more fully described; and my invention further consists in the construction andarrangement of the` main and auxiliary cylinders and their water-passages and working parts, so that the exhaust from both cylinders is through the same port or passage, all as hereinafter more fully described.

`To enable those skilled to make and use my I, invention, I will proceed to describe the construction and operation of one of my improved hydraulic engines, referring by letters to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a frontelevation; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, a vertical section at zum, Fig. l; Fig. 4, a verticalp section at y y, Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a horizontaly section atzz, Fig. 2; Figs. 67, 8, and 9, detached views of valvepiston, and Figs. 10 and 11, detail views 'of thelining'or jacket of the auxiliary cylinders.`V In the' several figures the same part willbe4 found designated by the same letter of reference.

A is the main cylinder, B its piston, and C the piston-rod. f i The piston B I propose to make, as shown, with a double cup-packing at a a.. The cylinder is madewith-two heads or caps, b b, which screw on, as represented, with suitable packings at c, and are so shaped as to form the proper water-spaces at each end, which communicate with the water-passages D D at each end. (See Fig..5.)

E :is a common stufling-box, and d is the `internal jacket or liningV of the main cylinder'.

F is the auxiliary or valve-cylinder, which, like the main cylinder, is provided with suitable brads e c, water-passages f f, and a 1ining or jacket, g. (See Figs. 4 and 10, 11.) VGr is the supply-port or water-entrance passage, and H is the exhaust-pipe or exit-passage. I is the piston-valve, (which is illustrated in detail at Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9,) j which is arranged within the auxiliary cylinder F, as shown, in such a manner that it can move back and forth (fromlend to end) in said cylinder, and can also, to a certain extent, turn on its axis, as

and carrying in it a pin or stud, l, the head of which projects through the exhaust-p'ort'ofV i is a set-screw,

portionp, (by the turning of cylinder F, and is operated upon by a shoe, m, which is attached to a sliding rod, fn, that works longitudinally in a hole or bearing made in the cylinder A., as clearly shown. This rod n has fastened to each of its ends a dog, o, which is struck by the piston-head B at each stroke, and moved along a short distance for purposes to be presently explained.

At Fig. 10 may be clearly seen the openings l 2 in the jacket g, which communicate with the passages ff, and constitute the water-v ports of the cylinder F.

The jacket d of the main cylinder extends the whole length of the latter, and the passages D D communicate at 3 4 (see Fig. 5) with the cylinder F and its valve. 5 is the exhaustport of hoth cylinders, and communicates with the exhaust-passage or waterexit H.

In the jacket gthere is a hole at 6 (see Figs. 3, l0, and 11) corresponding in size, and arranged at the passage G for the free passage of the water to the pistonyalve I, to supply both cylinders.

The peculiar form of valve I can be best comprehended from the drawings, and, before describing the operation of the machine, it is only necessary to say that it must be remembered that the piston-valve I is divided, by a sort of partition part at p, and that the space on one side ot' this partition is always in communication with the supply port Gr, and that, by theA shifting of this partition the valve on its axis,) one and the other of tlieports l 2 is alternately brought into communication with said space that is always full of the supplywater; and it must also be remembered that this space, which is always a source ot' supply, also communicates with the ports 8 9, (see Figs. 6, 7, 8,) so that, by the motion of the valve endwise, and the bringing of these ports 8 9 alternately in line with the openings 3 4, the water is admitted through first one end, then the other ot' these ports, to different ends of the main cylinder.

To explain the opera-tion, let me suppose the main cylinder to have received a supply of water at its upper end, and the piston to be just about completing its downward stroke, as illustrated at Fig. 3. Now, as there shown, the piston-head, as it completes its stroke, comes against the lower one of the dogs 0, causing the rod 'n to slide downward, whereby the shoe m is made to move the lug or head of pin lin the same direction, and thus rotate the valve I on its axis. This rotation of the valve I opens the port l into communication with the supplyspace, (x, see Fig. 3,) and permits the water to rush into passage f, and to that end of valve I which is nearest .to one end of cylinder F, whereby the said valve is forced endwise toward the opposite end of cylinder F. (In the meanwhile the water at said opposite end ot' cylinder F exhausts, through port 2, the rotation of said valve that opens port l into communication with the supply opening port 2 into communication with the exhaust chamber.) This endwise motion of the valve, however, closes the port 4 leading to the upper end of main cylinder, and opens the exhaust of' that end, and opens communication between port 3 (leading to the lower end of main cylinder) and the supply, so that the water now rushes in below the piston andreverses or drives it upward.

As the piston reaches the upper end ot' main cylinder it strikes the other dog, o, and a reverse rotatory motion is imparted (through the medium of' rod n, shoe m, and pin i) to the valve I, causing it to open port 2 to the supply and port 1 to the exhaust, and be moved back endwise to its first-named position,where by the ports leading to the main cylinder are opened to the supply and exhaust in such manner as to induce to the descent of the piston, and so on the engine keeps in motion.

The arrangement of the ports and valve, and the amount of motion, are, ofcourse, regulated so as to permit sufficient room for the free play of the piston-valve in the cylinder F, and the reversal of its motions, it will be seen, will he so rapid that there will not be much slamming of the valve.

It will be understood that, by the employment ot' valve I, arranged to operate as described, the whole operation of the engine is made automatic, while at same time its motions are allpositive, and its mechanism pert'ectlyv simple.

I have arranged the pin l with its cylindrical shank in a: socket or hole in the screw i, sol that, by simply partially withdrawing the screw i, (by inserting a screw-driver in the nozzle 6,) said pin Z will be extricated from shoe m and drawn within the jacket g, so that the valve I may be pulled out through either end of cylinder F, the cap of the latter being oli'.

the valve being effected by the application of a positive motion applied to the periphery, they are reliable, while at the same time the operating mechanism is simple, and is all confined within the machine, which is a great desideratuin, since there are, in consequence, no working parts to be packed, and consequently liable to leakage.

By the employment of the jackets or cylinder-linings I am enabled to make the cylin ders simpler and cheaper, since, in lieu of coring out all the passages and ports,Isimply cast the cylinders with depressions on their inner faces, which I cover over with the sheet-metal jackets, having cut in them the proper ports or openings.

It will be seen that the passages and ports are so arranged that both cylinders exhaust at 5 through the same opening.

Having fully described the construction and operation of my improved engine, so that one skilled in the art can make and use it, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- Y It will be seen that the rotatory motions of 1. `The combination, with the mainengine, of an' auxiliary engine, (for opening and closing the ports of the main engine,) constructed iand operatingsubstautially in the manner set orth.

2. A piston-valve, in combination With the main engine, when moved axially by an internally-arranged mechanism operating directly on the valve, substantiallyas described.

` 3. A cylinder havingits ports formed by m'akngrecesses in the interior thereof, and

" combiningtherewith a cylindrical jacket or lining, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.v 

